Based on my understanding and experience:
Correct
Not quite. This is the same as index 12 but after NearCast calibrations have been applied
20 (websocket) is the post-NearCast corrected total daily rain accumulation. Same with 18 (REST)
Rain in the API is currently sub-optimal, however. There is no way to access raw values that haven’t been NearCast corrected. See Changes to precipitation API - Developers - The Tempest Weather Community