Raspberry Pi and Tempest Online Offline throughout day

1

Hi, I’m trying to figure out why my Raspberri Pi 4B keeps booting throughout the day and why my Tempest station keeps disconnecting from the Raspberry Pi hotspot. I’m posting 15 minutes of journalctl log here in case anyone is fluent in this language.

Until I figure this out, I’ve got my Raspi booting at 11:55 daily. I take a weather picture every 15 minutes from morning until evening. My Tempest hub and cell modem sit in a metal ammo case on a mountain. The Raspi has a 10mbit upload speed and an 8mbit download speed. I’m thinking of switching to a plastic ammo box to rule out signal strength between hub and Tempest station, but it has run days without disconnecting so I’m not sure the ammo box is a problem. The station has only been running about a month now on a mountain top. It’s a 3 hour drive to get there, so I’m trying to get this figured out without too many more trips. Thank you!

kevin@crawfords:~ $ journalctl --since “20:00:00”
Sep 23 20:00:01 crawfords CRON[1070]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for u>
Sep 23 20:00:01 crawfords CRON[1071]: (kevin) CMD (/home/kevin/Templates/takepictu>
Sep 23 20:00:06 crawfords CRON[1070]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding ou>
Sep 23 20:00:06 crawfords CRON[1070]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for u>
Sep 23 20:00:09 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:00:15 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:00:35 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:00:41 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:01:21 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPD>
Sep 23 20:01:21 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: AP-STA-CONNECTED c0:ee:40:71>
Sep 23 20:01:21 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: EAPOL-4WAY-HS-COMPLETED c0:e>
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPDISCOVER(wlan0) c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPOFFER(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:>
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPREQUEST(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:4>
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPACK(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71>
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: 2025/09/23 20:01:22 INFO [c899b4c7-8ae>
Sep 23 20:01:34 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:01:42 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:01:58 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:04 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:10 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:14 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:22 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:28 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:36 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:42 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:53 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: AP-STA-DISCONNECTED c0:ee:40>
lines 1-27…skipping…
Sep 23 20:00:01 crawfords CRON[1070]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user kevin(uid=1000) by (uid=0)
Sep 23 20:00:01 crawfords CRON[1071]: (kevin) CMD (/home/kevin/Templates/takepicture.sh)
Sep 23 20:00:06 crawfords CRON[1070]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Sep 23 20:00:06 crawfords CRON[1070]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user kevin
Sep 23 20:00:09 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:00:15 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:00:35 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:00:41 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:01:21 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0
Sep 23 20:01:21 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: AP-STA-CONNECTED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:01:21 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: EAPOL-4WAY-HS-COMPLETED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPDISCOVER(wlan0) c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPOFFER(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPREQUEST(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPACK(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15 WeatherFlow
Sep 23 20:01:22 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: 2025/09/23 20:01:22 INFO [c899b4c7-8ae4-4f53-ad95-c3e34c62b946] [shell]: Proxy session started
Sep 23 20:01:34 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:01:42 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:01:58 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:04 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:10 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:14 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:22 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:28 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:36 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:42 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:02:53 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: AP-STA-DISCONNECTED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:02:54 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:02:59 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:03:11 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:03:17 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:03:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: turnc ERROR: 2025/09/23 20:03:20 Fail to refresh permissions: CreatePermission error response (error 400: Bad Request
Sep 23 20:03:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: )
Sep 23 20:04:01 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0
Sep 23 20:04:51 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:04:55 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:05:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: turnc ERROR: 2025/09/23 20:05:20 Fail to refresh permissions: CreatePermission error response (error 400: Bad Request
Sep 23 20:05:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: )
Sep 23 20:05:52 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0
Sep 23 20:05:54 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: AP-STA-CONNECTED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:05:54 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: EAPOL-4WAY-HS-COMPLETED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:05:54 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:05:54 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: AP-STA-DISCONNECTED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:06:02 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0
Sep 23 20:06:02 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: AP-STA-CONNECTED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:06:02 crawfords wpa_supplicant[728]: wlan0: EAPOL-4WAY-HS-COMPLETED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:06:03 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPDISCOVER(wlan0) c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:06:03 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPOFFER(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:06:03 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPREQUEST(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:06:03 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[875]: DHCPACK(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15 WeatherFlow
Sep 23 20:06:12 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:06:24 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:06:34 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:07:09 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:07:15 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:07:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: turnc ERROR: 2025/09/23 20:07:20 Fail to refresh permissions: CreatePermission error response (error 400: Bad Request
Sep 23 20:07:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: )
Sep 23 20:07:25 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:07:35 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:07:37 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:07:43 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:08:42 crawfords sudo[1156]: kevin : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/kevin ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/nano raspi-config
Sep 23 20:08:42 crawfords sudo[1156]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=1000)
Sep 23 20:08:42 crawfords systemd[1]: Starting systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service - Cleanup of Temporary Directories…
Sep 23 20:08:42 crawfords systemd[1]: systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 23 20:08:42 crawfords systemd[1]: Finished systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service - Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
Sep 23 20:08:42 crawfords systemd[1]: run-credentials-systemd\x2dtmpfiles\x2dclean.service.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 23 20:08:45 crawfords sudo[1156]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
Sep 23 20:08:58 crawfords sudo[1161]: kevin : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/kevin ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/raspi-config
Sep 23 20:08:58 crawfords sudo[1161]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=1000)
Sep 23 20:09:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: turnc ERROR: 2025/09/23 20:09:20 Fail to refresh permissions: CreatePermission error response (error 400: Bad Request
Sep 23 20:09:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: )
Sep 23 20:09:23 crawfords systemd[1]: Reloading.
Sep 23 20:09:24 crawfords systemd[1]: Starting ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server…
Sep 23 20:09:24 crawfords sshd[1218]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 20:09:24 crawfords sshd[1218]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 20:09:24 crawfords systemd[1]: Started ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
Sep 23 20:09:28 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:09:32 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:09:35 crawfords sudo[1161]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
Sep 23 20:10:10 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:10:18 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:10:22 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:10:26 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:10:32 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:10:36 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:10:42 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:10:46 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:10:48 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:10:52 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:11:14 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:11:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: turnc ERROR: 2025/09/23 20:11:20 Fail to refresh permissions: CreatePermission error response (error 400: Bad Request
Sep 23 20:11:20 crawfords rpi-connect[983]: )
– Boot dd05ef1c5a1543c9adab5933ab3fb38c –
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd-xdg-autostart-generator[981]: Exec binary ‘system-config-printer-applet’ does not exist: No such file or directory
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd-xdg-autostart-generator[981]: /etc/xdg/autostart/print-applet.desktop: not generating unit, executable specified in Exec= does not exist.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Queued start job for default target default.target.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Created slice app.slice - User Application Slice.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Created slice session.slice - User Core Session Slice.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Reached target paths.target - Paths.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Reached target timers.target - Timers.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Starting dbus.socket - D-Bus User Message Bus Socket…
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on dirmngr.socket - GnuPG network certificate management daemon.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on gcr-ssh-agent.socket - GCR ssh-agent wrapper.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on gnome-keyring-daemon.socket - GNOME Keyring daemon.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on gpg-agent-browser.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache (access for web browsers).
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on gpg-agent-extra.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache (restricted).
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on gpg-agent-ssh.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation).
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on gpg-agent.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on pipewire-pulse.socket - PipeWire PulseAudio.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on pipewire.socket - PipeWire Multimedia System Sockets.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on pk-debconf-helper.socket - debconf communication socket.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Listening on dbus.socket - D-Bus User Message Bus Socket.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Reached target sockets.target - Sockets.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Reached target basic.target - Basic System.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Started pipewire.service - PipeWire Multimedia Service.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Started filter-chain.service - PipeWire filter chain daemon.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Started rpi-connect.service - Raspberry Pi Connect.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Started wireplumber.service - Multimedia Service Session Manager.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Started pipewire-pulse.service - PipeWire PulseAudio.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Reached target default.target - Main User Target.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Startup finished in 551ms.
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Starting dbus.service - D-Bus User Message Bus…
Sep 23 20:11:24 crawfords systemd[967]: Started dbus.service - D-Bus User Message Bus.
Sep 23 20:11:25 crawfords rpi-connect[985]: 2025/09/23 20:11:25 INFO No VNC server found, starting without screen sharing support
Sep 23 20:11:25 crawfords wireplumber[986]: Failed to get percentage from UPower: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner
Sep 23 20:11:25 crawfords wireplumber[986]: [0:00:30.181763183] [986] INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:330 libcamera v0.5.2+99-bfd68f78
Sep 23 20:11:25 crawfords wireplumber[986]: [0:00:30.296298257] [1044] INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:220 Adding camera ‘/base/scb/pcie@7d500000/pci@0,0/usb@0,0-1.1:1.0-0c45:6366’ for pipeline handler uvcv>
Sep 23 20:11:26 crawfords wireplumber[986]: BlueZ system service is not available
Sep 23 20:11:26 crawfords pipewire[983]: [0:00:31.559980405] [983] INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:330 libcamera v0.5.2+99-bfd68f78
Sep 23 20:11:26 crawfords pipewire[983]: [0:00:31.630839942] [1051] INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:220 Adding camera ‘/base/scb/pcie@7d500000/pci@0,0/usb@0,0-1.1:1.0-0c45:6366’ for pipeline handler uvcvideo
Sep 23 20:11:26 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Object activation aborted: proxy destroyed
Sep 23 20:11:26 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved failed to activate item: Object activation aborted: proxy destroyed
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords dbus-daemon[994]: [session uid=1000 pid=994] Activating via systemd: service name=‘org.freedesktop.impl.portal.PermissionStore’ unit=‘xdg-permission-store.service’ requested by ':1>
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords systemd[967]: Starting xdg-permission-store.service - sandboxed app permission store…
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords dbus-daemon[994]: [session uid=1000 pid=994] Successfully activated service ‘org.freedesktop.impl.portal.PermissionStore’
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords systemd[967]: Started xdg-permission-store.service - sandboxed app permission store.
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Failed to call Lookup: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.portal.Error.NotFound: No entry for camera
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Failed to call Lookup: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.portal.Error.NotFound: No entry for camera
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Failed to call Lookup: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.portal.Error.NotFound: No entry for camera
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Failed to call Lookup: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.portal.Error.NotFound: No entry for camera
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Failed to call Lookup: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.portal.Error.NotFound: No entry for camera
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Failed to call Lookup: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.portal.Error.NotFound: No entry for camera
Sep 23 20:11:27 crawfords wireplumber[986]: LinkRemoved Failed to call Lookup: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.portal.Error.NotFound: No entry for camera
– Boot a04b5ced272d4069b4c7d86bec859930 –
Sep 23 20:11:29 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:11:31 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:11:37 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:11:41 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:11:45 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:11:53 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
– Boot dd05ef1c5a1543c9adab5933ab3fb38c –
Sep 23 20:11:30 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords systemd[1]: NetworkManager-dispatcher.service: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords NetworkManager[746]: [1758679894.0269] policy: set ‘Wired connection 1’ (eth1) as default for IPv6 routing and DNS
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords dnsmasq[877]: reading /etc/resolv.conf
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords dnsmasq[877]: using nameserver 192.168.0.1#53
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords dnsmasq[877]: using nameserver fe80::daec:e5ff:fe07:2cd5%eth1#53
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords dnsmasq[877]: using nameserver fe80::bc2e:40ff:fe26:59b6%eth1#53
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords dnsmasq[877]: using nameserver 2607:fb91:3f0b:d07::1#53
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords dnsmasq[877]: cleared cache
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords avahi-daemon[607]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth1.IPv6 with address fe80::1e50:ddb9:4bde:f4ac.
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords avahi-daemon[607]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface eth1.IPv6 with address 2607:fb91:3f0b:d07:65ba:86b3:9c9c:2013.
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords avahi-daemon[607]: Registering new address record for 2607:fb91:3f0b:d07:65ba:86b3:9c9c:2013 on eth1..
Sep 23 20:11:34 crawfords avahi-daemon[607]: Withdrawing address record for fe80::1e50:ddb9:4bde:f4ac on eth1.
Sep 23 20:11:35 crawfords systemd[1]: systemd-fsckd.service: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 23 20:12:51 crawfords systemd-timesyncd[563]: Contacted time server [2606:82c0:24::e]:123
Sep 23 20:12:51 crawfords systemd-timesyncd[563]: Initial clock synchronization to Tue 2025-09-23 20:12:51.816159 MDT.
Sep 23 20:12:52 crawfords systemd[1]: systemd-hostnamed.service: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 23 20:12:52 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:12:53 crawfords NetworkManager[746]: [1758679973.2957] dhcp6 (eth1): state changed new lease, address=2607:fb91:3f0b:d07::843
Sep 23 20:12:53 crawfords avahi-daemon[607]: Registering new address record for 2607:fb91:3f0b:d07::843 on eth1..
Sep 23 20:12:54 crawfords dbus-daemon[612]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name=‘org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher’ unit=‘dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service’ requested by ‘:1.7’ (uid=0 pid=746>
Sep 23 20:12:54 crawfords systemd[1]: Starting NetworkManager-dispatcher.service - Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service…
Sep 23 20:12:55 crawfords dbus-daemon[612]: [system] Successfully activated service ‘org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher’
Sep 23 20:12:55 crawfords systemd[1]: Started NetworkManager-dispatcher.service - Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service.
Sep 23 20:12:57 crawfords wpa_supplicant[730]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0
Sep 23 20:12:57 crawfords wpa_supplicant[730]: wlan0: AP-STA-CONNECTED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:12:57 crawfords wpa_supplicant[730]: wlan0: EAPOL-4WAY-HS-COMPLETED c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:12:57 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[877]: DHCPDISCOVER(wlan0) c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:12:57 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[877]: DHCPOFFER(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:12:57 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[877]: DHCPREQUEST(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15
Sep 23 20:12:57 crawfords dnsmasq-dhcp[877]: DHCPACK(wlan0) 10.42.0.35 c0:ee:40:71:c8:15 WeatherFlow
Sep 23 20:12:58 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:13:00 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:13:04 crawfords rpi-connect[985]: 2025/09/23 20:13:04 INFO [8cdb8e62-77af-4840-a516-fde58cfe42d5] [shell]: Proxy session started
Sep 23 20:13:05 crawfords systemd[1]: NetworkManager-dispatcher.service: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 23 20:13:06 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:13:08 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:13:27 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:13:31 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:13:51 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:13:53 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!
Sep 23 20:14:09 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Voltage normalised
Sep 23 20:14:11 crawfords kernel: hwmon hwmon1: Undervoltage detected!

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I would start with the power supply for the Pi. They need a true 2.5 amp supply, or else the lightning bolt icon pops up on the display (which you can’t see operating headless without a monitor) and all kinds of bad/flaky things happen…

3

OK, great. I’ll start there. In the meantime, I’ve stopped taking pictures because I noticed the camera taking pictures before some of these greater voltage fluctuation moments. I have a 3amp 5volt adapter on the 100AH lead acid battery. I will switch to something with higher power output.

4

Three amps should be more than enough for a Pi, unless it is powering a heavy USB-powered device. I bought a piggyback UPS battery system for a Pi Zero 2W, and the UPS couldn’t sustain the Pi’s power with either a wired USB keyboard or USB sound card plugged in even on 2.5A wall power. If your cellular radio or camera is plugged in and powered by USB, it may be pulling the total power of the Pi down even more.

If you need to power USB stuff, a powered USB hub with an external 12V power supply may be the solution.

My project for the Pi Zero 2W that I’ve tabled for now was a remote off-grid APRS digipeater in an ammo can at our tree farm down south, which was going to use a USB sound card to modulate packets for the external APRS radio, a USB cellular radio, and a wifi link to my remote Tempest…

5

I gave up on the zero models after too many years of battling them getting stupid and/or dropping off wifi. Even the original picoW was better at staying online, although that’s so limited you can’d do complicated things with it. I had to use a pi3 for my ePaper display.

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I chose it because of my remote site’s power budget, which needed to also run a VHF transceiver for the APRS radio relay with tree cover and no grid power…

7

Of course, but if the blasted thing doesn’t stay online it kinda doesn’t matter. That said if you are doing things like boot it, send a message, power it down off some kind of external power trigger than sure it is a nice low-power card.

8

I’ve looked at my boot logs (journalctl -b, journalctl -b -1, journalctl -b -2, etc) and the pi is rebooting often after voltage drops. Soon I’ll go onside and switch the 3 amp power supply there with the new 5 amp power supply and see what difference the 5 amp power supply makes.

I have a cellular modem, Tempest hub, and usb camera all plugged directly into the pi.

I thought of using a usb power “y” cable to add power to external usb devices, but the problem with this it seems is the PI usb ports then retain power and usb devices would not powercycle when the pi reboots.

Does anyone know of a usb/usb relay switch so if the control circuit has power usb power (5V/5A) flows through the switch? With one of these I can move my usb devices to a powered hub and the powered hub will get powercycled when the pi reboots.

9

You could buy a USB power meter to measure the load and voltage with all those accessories draining your Pi.

That usb camera may be the culprit? But using an inline meter will tell you where the low voltage problem occurs.

I use several versions of Pis from zero up taking photos using the pi cameras with its ribbon cable. Including one that uses a hdmi extension for the ribbon cable. I also power one at the end of a 20m ethernet cable without using ethernet but just using its wire by powering with 12v then using a 5v buck converter to ensure sufficient voltage at the pi. I have not had any problems with my pi zeros taking photos loosing voltage or wifi that I am aware of.

Cheers Ian :slight_smile:

10

So I went out to the weather station and swapped the 3 amp power supply to the pi with a 5 amp power supply and have not had any low voltage problems since. I also replaced the metal ammo box the pi and usb devices were in with a plastic one to minimize radio interference and the station has run almost a week now without low voltages and without disconnecting.

I have run into a problem with the usb camera so I shut the camera off remotely (commented out the cron job) and will post that question in raspberry pi forum since it’s not a Tempest question.

Thank you everyone for your contributions. I really appreciate the help!

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